Multiple Description Coding and Path Diversity


The papers below relate to path diversity for media streaming, combined with both multiple description (MD) coding and conventional single description (SD) coding. These papers examine path diversity from a single sender to a single receiver [VCIP'01, ICIP'01, ICASSP'02, ICME'03, ICASSP'05] and from multiple senders to a single receiver [INFOCOM'02, ICIP'02]. Some important examples include using the distributed servers in a content delivery network (CDN) to provide path diversity to a requesting client [INFOCOM'02, ICIP'02], using multiple 802.11 wireless access points to provide path diversity to a mobile client [ICME'03, MobiSys'04], performing end-to-end rate-distortion optimized H.264-based MD video coding and streaming across multiple paths [ICASSP'05, JASP'06], and using relays to provide path diversity to improve low-latency video communication [VCIP'01]. In addition, we have examined some of the tradeoffs in MD + path diversity versus SD + path diversity from both practical video delivery as well as more information-theoretic points-of-view [ICC'02, Trans. IT'05]. We developed accurate models for predicting the performance of MD video and path diversity as well as SD video over a single path, which are used to solve the "best paths" and "best servers" problems [ICASSP'02, INFOCOM'02].  Our early source coding work on MD video coding is in [VLBV'99,ICIP'00].  In this work the novelty lies in the repair of a corrupted description by using a clean description -- a process which we call "state recovery". The combination of MD video coding and path diversity is proposed in [VCIP'01], where the combination of path diversity and MD coding with state recovery is shown to be particularly effective at overcoming both isolated and burst losses.

Overviews of path diversity and the use of multiple description video coding are given in the book chapter listed below (to appear in March 2007) and in the IEEE Communication Magazine 2004 article.

"Path Diversity and the use of Multiple Description Coding", J. Apostolopoulos, M. Trott, W. Tan, book chapter to appear in Multimedia over IP and Wireless Networks: Compression, Networking, and Systems, M. van der Schaar and P. Chou, editors, Elsevier / Academic Press, publishers, March 2007.

"End-to-End Rate-Distortion Optimized MD Mode Selection for Multiple Description Video Coding", Brian Heng, John Apostolopoulos, Jae Lim, invited paper in EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing special issue on "Video Analysis and Coding for Robust Transmission", Spring 2006.

``Source-Channel Diversity for Parallel Channels'', J.N. Laneman, E. Martinian, G.W. Wornell, J.G. Apostolopoulos, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, October 2005.

"End-to-End Rate-Distortion Optimized Mode Selection for Multiple Description Video Coding", Brian Heng, John Apostolopoulos, Jae Lim, invited paper in IEEE ICASSP, March 2005.

``Path Diversity for Enhanced Media Streaming'', J.G. Apostolopoulos, M. Trott, IEEE Communication Magazine special issue on "Proxy Support for Streaming on the Internet", 2004.

``Divert: Fine-grained Path Selection for Wireless LANs'', A. Miu, G. Tan, H. Balakrishnan, J.G. Apostolopoulos, ACM MobiSys, Boston, MA, June 2004.

``Low-latency Wireless Video over 802.11 Networks using Path Diversity'', A. Miu, J.G. Apostolopoulos, W. Tan, and M. Trott, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), July 2003.

"Performance of a Multiple Description Streaming Media Content Delivery Network", J.G. Apostolopoulos, W. Tan, and S.J. Wee, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), September 2002.

"On Multiple Description Streaming with Content Delivery Networks", J.G. Apostolopoulos, T. Wong, W. Tan, and S.J. Wee, IEEE INFOCOM, June 2002.

``Comparing Application- and Physical-Layer Approaches to Diversity on Wireless Channels'', J.N. Laneman, E. Martinian, G.W. Wornell, J.G. Apostolopoulos, and S.J. Wee, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), May 2003.

"Modeling Path Diversity for Multiple Description Video Communication", J.G. Apostolopoulos, W. Tan, S.J. Wee, G.W. Wornell, IEEE Inter. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), May 2002.

"Unbalanced Multiple Description Video Communication Using Path Diversity", J.G. Apostolopoulos and S.J. Wee, International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), October 2001.

"Reliable Video Communication over Lossy Packet Networks using Multiple State Encoding and Path Diversity", J.G. Apostolopoulos, Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), pages 392-409, January 2001.  If you have problems printing the above pdf, try this one.

"Error-Resilient Video Compression Through the Use of Multiple States", J.G. Apostolopoulos, International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), September 2000.  This is an extension of the paper below to include improved state recovery (providing 3 dB additional gain in recovery for Bus sequence).

"Error-Resilient Video Compression Via Multiple State Streams", J.G. Apostolopoulos, Proc. International Workshop on Very Low Bitrate Video Coding (VLBV'99), pages 168-171, October 1999.

 

Some of these papers are also available as HP Labs Technical Reports, specifically HPL-2001-286, HPL-2001-318, HPL-2001-319, and HPL-2002-29, and if paper copies are required they may be requested directly from HP Labs Research Library.  

A more comprehensive list of my, and my group's, research and publications is available at the Streaming Media Systems Group and SMSG's publications webpages.


John G. Apostolopoulos
Streaming Media Systems Group
Hewlett-Packard Laboratories